Paper 03

This study examines the importance of morality in society from the perspective of Theravada Buddhism. It does not investigate the moral teachings of Mahayana Buddhism or other religious traditions. Instead, the research focuses on how moral conduct, according to Theravada Buddhist teachings, benefits not only individuals but also their families, relatives, teachers, parents, and the wider society in which they live. The study analyzes relevant teachings found in the Pali Canon, its commentaries (Athakatha), and the view of various scholars to explain the significance and practical value of morality. Furthermore, it discusses how individuals can cultivate and maintain good moral conduct in their daily lives. The research also describes the characteristics, behavior, speech, and manners of morally virtuous people as presented in Buddhist literature. The findings reveal that individuals who lack moral conduct gradually lose the trust and respect of others, receive fewer opportunities for consultation and cooperation, and fail to uphold the two guardian virtues of the world (Hiri – moral shame and, Ottappa – moral fear). As a result, their reputation and dignity within society gradually decline. Therefore, this study is expected to enhance readers' understanding of Buddhist morality and encourage them to cultivate refined behavior, speech, and conduct. It also aims to inspire them to avoid unwholesome actions, practice wholesome deeds, and develop a pure and virtuous mind, thereby contributing to both personal well-being and social harmony.